Answer ALL questions in Section A and ONE question in Section B. 100 marks are available. You may use a calculator. You may make use of the IPA.
SECTION A 1.
How does variability in the speech signal cause problems for models of speech perception? [15] 2. The periodic cycle of a waveform is shown to have a duration of 0.383ms.
Calculate the frequency of this sound in Hz. Show all your working as marks will be awarded for method as well as accuracy. A correct value alone will not attract full marks. [10] 3. Respond to all of the following sub-parts: a.
Explain the core stages of The Cohort Model of word recognition. [3] b. How does the Cohort Model operate? [7] c.
Explain why cohort-based models of word recognition struggle with the processing of words like ‘synthesis’. Write about 200 words.[10]
4. Respond to all of the following sub-parts: a. What is lexicalization, and where does it sit within the three main processes of speech production? [4] b. Early studies of speech production employed naturally-occurring slips of tongue as evidence for the models proposed. Give an example of each of the following speech errors. In each case state the ‘erroneous’ utterance first followed by the ‘target’ utterance affected by the error. i. Phoneme exchange [2] ii. Phoneme anticipation [2] iii. Word exchange [2]
5. Consider Garrett’s model of speech production (1975) and answer all of the following sub-parts: a. How does Garrett distinguish between the functional and positional levels? [2] b. What is morpheme stranding? Does it support Garrett’s model? [4] c. Is there any evidence to suggest that there may be some local parallel processing of lexical items in speech production? [4]
SECTION B
Answer EITHER 1. What evidence is there to suggest that the lemma is an intermediate processing unit in the process of lexicalization? In your answer you should discuss the architecture of the models you discuss. [35] OR 2. Outline similarities and differences between ONE model of speech perception and ONE model of speech production. [35] END OF EXAMINATION