Discuss how institutional racism has been enacted and perpetuated throughout Australia’s history, particularly in regards to Indigenous peoples’ access to adequate health care, education and employment.

Cultural Safety EssayTask description: The vision of the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (Australia) “The Australian health system is free of racism and inequality and all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have access to health services that are effective, high quality, appropriate and affordable” (Australian Government, 2013, p. 7). Racism is a significant inhibitor to ‘closing the gap’ in health outcomes between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and other Australians (Marrie, 2017). For health professionals to be effective agents in realising the national vision, we are required to be culturally safe practitioners, who are literate in the dynamics of racialisation and racism and importantly their impacts on the well-being of people we care for. Cultural safety must be realised at both the individual practice level and at the institutional level. Health professionals must also be knowledgeable of the historical and political factors that created and continue to maintain poor health outcomes experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. In this assessment you will be required to discuss the application of culturally safety to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ health and well-being context. You are also required to utilise the 5Rs Reflection Framework to reflect on your learning experience.What is reflective writing? Good reflective writing usually involves four key elements:

1. reporting and responding to a critical issue or experience;

2. relating this issue or experience to your own knowledge in this field;

3. reasoning about causes and effects of this issue/experience according to relevant theories or literature and/or similarities or differences with other experiences you’ve had; and

4. reconstructing your thinking to plan new ways to approach the issue or engage in similar experiences in the future The 4/5Rs Framework (see second document) Reporting Write a brief descriptive account of the experience or issue (this is the trigger or basis for reflection) What happened?

What did the experience involve? Responding Your emotional / personal response to the experience Your observations, What were your feelings, ideas, questions about the experience Relating Personal and/or theoretical understandings relevant to the experience 

Making connections between the situation / issue and your experience, skills, knowledge and understanding Reasoning 

Your explanation of the experience Explaining the experience in terms of the significant factors, relevant theory and existing knowledge

Reconstructing Drawing conclusions and developing a future action plan Your deeper level of understanding about the situation / issue that is used to reframe or reconstruct your future practice and further develop understanding of your professional practice

What you need to do: Respond to the follow assessment tasks: Step 1 (written in third-person) Demonstrate your understanding of the following key concepts. a) Compare and contrast personal racism and systemic/institutional racism (150 words). b) Briefly discuss the power dynamics associated with the concept of whiteness and describe how it may relate to contemporary nursing practice in Australia (150 words). c) Compare and contrast the concepts cultural safety and cultural competency (200 words).Step 2 (100 words) (written in first-person)In accordance with the 5Rs of Reflection Framework, report on one of the prescribed readings (from Week’s 1-5) that grabbed your attention, and then describe your response to this prescribed reading. Step 3 (400 words) (written in third person)

Discuss how institutional racism has been enacted and perpetuated throughout Australia’s history, particularly in regards to Indigenous peoples’ access to adequate health care, education and employment.

Describe how these actions relate to the concept of white privilege. Step 4 (300 words) (written in third person)

Discuss how culturally safe nursing practice does address personal and institutional racism that impact on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ access to health care. Step 5 (500 words)

(written in first person) In accordance with the 5Rs of Reflection Framework, reflect on the transformation of your understanding regarding the role of nurses in addressing the health needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in a culturally safe way.

Consider how your knowledge and understanding has developed through your engagement with the learning material and activities (i.e. the required and recommended readings, videos, lectures and tutorial material and activities). Your task is to report, respond, relate, reason and reconstruct your understanding of your role in ensuring culturally safe nursing care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.Length: 1800 words +/-10% (word length includes in-text referencing and excludes your reference list and any appendices).Your responses to the assessment tasks must adhere to the prescribed formatting.

Referencing: Cite Write APA style referencing. Note it is a requirement that you include page numbers for all in-text references, ten valid resources, no than ten years old from Australian books, websites, guidelines, government documents, videos Resources needed to complete task:  5Rs Reflection Framework and Exemplar Reflection required and recommended readings, videosPlease use what applied for Australian indigenous people Format of assignment: Your assignment should be written in third-person style (Steps 1, 3 and 4) and first-person style (Steps 2 and 5) and prepared as follows: Don’t worry about formatting as name, date etc and spacing. Does not include an introductory or concluding paragraph.Learning outcomes assessed: 1. Apply the principles of cultural safety to the context of Aboriginal peoples’ and Torres Strait Islanders’ health and well-being to analyse and advance your current position on the continuum of cultural safety. 2. Describe historical, social, and political issues and how they inform current experiences of health and well-being, in order to realise their significance as determinants of current health and well-being of Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders. 3. Discover the everyday experiences of Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders that inform their health care and describe how effective partnerships with individuals, families, and communities enables the sharing of experiences and perspectives.