The Harvard System: The Approved Method of Citation and Referencing at UCEM (v1.3d February 2020) 2THE HARVARD SYSTEM A Guide to the Approved Method of Citation and Referencing at UCEMINTRODUCTIONThe Harvard style is an author–date system that identifies the source of a piece of information from the name of its author and the date it was created. The system is based on the approach used for cataloguing works at the Harvard University Library in the 1940s. The Harvard system can vary from university to university as there has never been a definitive version of the Harvard system. For guidance on UCEM’s referencing policy, refer to the Assessment Handbook. CONTENTS1. Why reference? 2. How to reference3. How to cite and quote4. UCEM Harvard referencing and citation styles5. Quick guide to common sources6. References7. Bibliography1. WHY REFERENCE?Learning is a process of gathering information from different sources in order to build and develop your own knowledge and skills. In reporting the outcome of your learning (e.g. in submissions for assessment), the practice of referencing your sources is an acknowledgement that you have used the ideas and creative content belonging to other people in your own work. If you do not reference, the academic process is incomplete and you may be suspected of committing academic misconduct. As well as potentially improving the mark awarded for your assessed UCEM work, the reasons for referencing include:•it is a key component of good academic practice;•to demonstrate the nature, scope and breadth of your research;•to support your arguments and show that your work is based on knowledge informed by academic discovery;•a reader can trace and easily locate the sources you have used;•by not acknowledging another person’s work or ideas you could be accused of plagiarism (a form of academic misconduct). (Imperial College 2017; University of Manchester 2017)Knowing why you needto reference means you understand the importance of knowing how to reference. The following flowchart shows in outline the academic authoring process. There are three stages:1. collection – gathering information for possible inclusion in answers to writing tasks;2. composition – selecting the best information to be included that provides an appropriate answer to the task and shows your ability to find and analyse across a broad spectrum;3. referencing – identifying where you have drawn your information from and acknowledging the original author’s contribution to your knowledge.You should read through the ‘Good Academic Authoring’ flowchart below and ensure that you understand each of the stages and return as necessary to refresh your memory as you progress through your studies. The sooner you become familiar with good referencing practice, the sooner you will gain confidence in your academic writing abilities